Freight-car.



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FREIGHT CAR.

(Application tiled Mm'. 14, 1902.)

5 shets sheer (No Model.)

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mooooooooe o o u c o u u o u n o u Patented luly l, |902. H. R. KEITHLEY.

FREIGHT GAR.

(Application led Mar. 14, 1902.)

ssheets sheet 2.

(No Model.)

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H. R. KE|THL EY- FREGHT CAR. (Applieation med im. 14, 1902.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

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No. 703,659. Patented luly l, |902.

, H. R. KEITHVLEY.

FREIGHT CAR.

(Application led Mar. 14, 1902.]

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

Na.{7o3,659. x Patented luly l,

' H. n. KEITHLEY.

F R E G H T C A R (Application mea Mar. 14, 1902.)

5 Sheei-Sheet 5.

(No Model.)

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

' IIERBER'YI` R. KEITHLEY, Ol" BUFFALO,NEW YORK.

FREIG HT-CAR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 703,659, dated July 1, 1902.

l Application filed March 14,1902. Serial No. 98,23-9. lNo model.)

acitizen of the United States, residing at Buf-A falo, in the county or Erie and State of New 'York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Fre1ght-Cars, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a railroadcar which is built up of steel plates and cominci'- cial rolled shapes, and more particularly to that type wherein the car sides are of considerable depth and are in the form of plategirde'rs, which are connected to' transverse body bolsters or transoms resting on the trucks and constitute the supports for sustaining the greater part of the load and weight of the car.

The invention is hereinafter described in connection with what is known asa hopperbottom car; but certain features thereof are applicable to other types of cars, such as gondola freight-cars and passenger-cars having the doors in the ends.

The primary object of the invention is to produce a very strong, light, and durable car of simple construction built up of the minimum number of parts and capable of supporting the maximum load for a given weight of metal of which the car is composed.

-`he object is attained principally by the hereinafter described construction of the sides or side-supporting structure of the car, each of which combines or is made up of a complete plate-girder and a truss which is complete in itself independently of the plategi rder, the two being so formed, proportioned, and combined that the load or weight supported by the structure as a whole will be divided substantially equally between the plategirder and the truss.

In the accompanyingdrawings, consisting of live sheets, Figure l is a side elevation of a hopper-bottom freight-car` embodying the invention. Fig.2saplanviewthereof. Fig. 3 is a side elevation ot' one-half of the car on Fig. 4 isa longitudinal vertical section thereof. Fig. 5 is a bottom plan view thereof. Fig. 6 is a transverse vertical seetion on line 6 6, Fig. 4. Fig. 7 is a fragmentary end elevation of the car. Fig. 8 is a fragmentary transverse vertical section on the ,line S 8, Fig. Ll. Fig. 9 is a vertical lower chord yupper'llange of the plate-girder.

section through the body-bolster on 1ine9 D, Fig. 8. Fig. l0 is a transverse section through the draft-beams and buffer-blocks for a draftrigging ou the line 10 l0, Fig. 4.

Like letters of reference refer to like-parts in the several figures.

Each longitudinal side of the car is in the forni of a vertical plate-girder constructed of a web A, made of a plate or plates, andmpper and lower flanges B and C,which extend from end to end of the web. The upper and lower flanges are formed by angle-bars the vertical flanges of which are riveted, preferably on the inside, to the web and project outwardly, respectively, over and under the upper and lower edges of the web. Combined with the plate-girder thus formed is a complete truss com pose'dof a lower chord. D, an upper chord E, and vertical struts or ties F, which are connected to each other and are riveted to the Trusses of different types may In trusses having inclined plate-girder.

be employed. chords the latter may be arranged above or below the straight chords. In the construction shown in the drawings the members of the truss are all .made of angle-bars of substantially the same metal section as the angle-bars forming the flanges of the plate-girder, and they are arranged as follows, (see Figs. l, 3, andjG vThe lower chord extends horizontally from end to end of tho side, with its horizontal flange projecting outwardly the lower horizontal flange of the plate-girder and its vertical flange against the outer face of the girder-web, the two angles forming the and the girder-flange, being secured together and to the girder-web by a single row of rivets d. The upper chord is also arranged with its horizontal flange projecting outwardly and its vertical flange against the odter face of the girder-web and is at its central upper portion immediately beneath the The upper chord is inclined downwardly from the central portion toward the ends of the lower chord and is provided with short horizontal end portions e, which are parallel with the ends of the lower chord, to which they are connected by the end extensions e' of the plate-girder web. v The upper chord is riveted to the girderweb, and the single line of rivets e2 for the central portion of the chordconnect the latand resting on- Ss y,

ter and the upper angle of the girder to each other and to the girder-web.

G G' represent counter-braces, which are preferably angle-bars arranged one on each side of the girder-web, extending diagonally in opposite directions from the lower end lof on'e tie F to'the upper end of the other tie and riveted to the girderfweb and truss memend bbttomV plates gle-bars h, the fvertical riveted to the girder-webs and the horizontal' bers. '[hese counter-braces act either in tension or compression to resist strains due to upequally-distributed loads on the car.

order to avoid bending the chords of the truss and to keep the same straight or in the same vertical plane throughout, the plates forming the girder-web are lap-jointed, with the,` lap on the inside, so as to form a flush joint on the outside, and the ends of the ties andllcounter-braces are offset outwardly and lie gainst the outer faces of the vertical flan es of the chords.

The bottom of the car is formed by inclined H and central inclined bottom plates I. The end plates H extend between the sides of the car and are connected with the vertical webs of the latter in any suitable manner, preferably by means of anflanges of which are flanges of which extend beneath and are riveted to the side edges of the inclined bottom plates. The central or intermediate bottom plates may be arranged and secured in any suitable manner. In the construction shown in the drawings two plates are employed which incline downwardly from the center of the car toward the lower ends of the inclined end bottom platesH and are connected to the webs of the side plate-girders, as by anglebars 1I, riveted to the webs and to the bottom plates I. The end and central bottom plates extend downwardly below the lower edge of the side plate-girders to form the lower portion of the hopper, and the sides of the hopper below the girders are formed by vertical plates I', Figs. 1, 3, 4, and 6, which at their upper edges are secured to the lower edges of the plate-girders by the rivets which connect the lower chord and flange-angles together. The side plates I' are connected at their lower edges to the central bottom plates by suitable means, such as the angle-bars' t', and to the end bottom plates by the angle-bars h.

12 represents vertical end plates, which extend from the upper ends of the inclined end bottom plates H to the top of the car, thus completing the body. They are connected to the webs of the side plate-girders by upright corner-posts J and are riveted to uptnrned flanges on the end bottom plates. The end plates are preferably reinforced at their upper edges by angle-bars 1I, which have their vertical flanges riveted thereto and their horizontal flanges extending outwardly. The four corner-posts J are preferably made of angle-bars having the flanges at their upper ends embracing the corners of the body and having their lower portions offset inwardly and secured on the inside to the end ex'te'ny sions of the side plate-girders and trusses. (See Figs. 3, 6, and 7.)

'lhe body bolsters or transoms which,' as usual, are located beneath the hopper ends, so as to be supported by the car-trucks, are preferably arranged and constructed as follows: Each bolster is in the form of a plategu'der, the vertical web K of which at its upper edge is bent or flanged, as at 7c, and riveted to' the under face of the inclined end bottom plate H. The lower flanges of the bolster-girder are formed by angle-bars k', arranged with their vertical flanges on opposite sides of and riveted to the lower edge of the web and their horizontal flanges projecting in opposite directions from the web. The ends of the bolster-web are secured to the webs of the side plate-girders by vertical anglebars k2, riveted tothe webs of the bolster and side plate-girders.

7c3 represents a bottom cover-plate which is riveted to the lower flanges of the bolstergirder. The bolster is reinforced at its c entral portion by upper and lower castings k* la, which may be of any preferred form and which are arranged on opposite sides of the cover-plate k3 and firmly secured to the latter and to the bolster-web. The castings and cover-plate are provided with registeringholes for the truck king-pin.

The lower end portions of the sides of the car are connected by end sills, which, as shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 7, are preferably constructed as follows L represents a Z-bar the web of which is arranged horizontally and is riveted at its ends to the horizontal flanges of the end portions of the upper chords of the side trusses. The inner flange of the Z-bar extends vertically' upward and at its ends is riveted to the corner-posts J, and the outer flange of the Z-bar extends vertically downward and is riveted to the upper edge of a vertical front face or cover-plate lr', which at its lower edge is riveted to the vertical flange of an angle-bar Z2, the horizontal flange of which at its ends extends beneath and is riveted to the horizontal flanges of the anglebars forming the lower chords and flanges of the side trusses and plate-girders.

The draft sills or beams M extend continuously from one end sill to the other, and they are spaced apart, as usual, to provide space between the same at the ends for the draft-riggin gs. The d raft-beams pass through the bottom plates H and I of the hopper, which for this purpose are provided with holes or openings. The draft-beams M are preferably formed of channel-bars the horizontal flanges of which project outwardly or away from each other and at their ends rest upon and are riveted to the lower flanges of the end sills.

N represents a draft-plate which extends across and is riveted to the upper flanges of' the draft-beams between the inclined end bottom plates II of the hopper. The plate N IOO IIO

is preferably formed in one continuous piece, and the end portions of the body thereof project out through holes fn, cut in the inclined bottom plates H, and extend upwardly toward the holsters K, beneath the bottom plates H, to which they are riveted. The draft-plate N being riveted throughout its central portion to the flanges of the draft-beams and at its long end portions tothe end inclined' bottom plates H, the draft-beams are very rigidly and firmly attached to the car-body and the draft strains are transmitted to the latter. The sections or plates forming the end inclined bottom plates H are preferably connected by overlapped joints n', Fig. 4, the lap of which is on the inside,'so that the outer or under face of the bottom plate is Aplane in order to give a flat bearing for the ends of the draft-plate N.

- irons p3.

bottom and alsoserve as ties for the side` and the end sills.

n2 represents short angle-plates, which are secured to the hopper-bottom plates H and I and to the draft-beams, so as to cover the openings formed in the hopper-bottom for the passage of the draft-beams.

'n3 represents plates secured in V form over the portions of the draft-beams and tie-plate N which extend through-the hopper, so as.

horizontal, their outer Iianges extending verl-l tically and riveted to the webs of the draft.-

'beams and their inner flanges extending vertically side by side or overlapped. A spacing-strip p2 is interposed between the outer flange of one Z-bar and the draft-beam to which it is secured, so as to enable the inner flanges of the two Z-bars, which are )f ,the same cross-section, to overlap.

P represents horizontal transverse stiifening-bars for the hopper-bottom. These bars are preferably Z-bars, havin'g one flange riveted to the bottom plate and also having their ends connected to the webs of the side girders and to the side hopper-plates I' by angle- The bars P thus stiien the hopperplate-girders.

Q represents upright members which extend between the end portions of the hopper They are riveted attheir upper ends tothe vertical end plates of the car and at their lower ends to the inner flange of the Z-bar forming the top of the end sill. The connection of the members Q with the end-sill is preferably strengthened by means of lplates q, riveted to the members Q above and below the Z-bar of the end sill and to said Z-bar.

In the construction shown in -the drawings the central bottom plates lare provided with discharge-openings, which are closed by hopper-doors R, which may be of any suitable construction. As shown, they are hinged at fr to the inclined intermediate bottom plates I. Suitable operating 'means isprovided for each door, which is preferably constructed as follows, (see Figs. 3, 5, and 6:) S represents a. rock-shaft extending transversely beneath the car and journaled in,l bearings in the side 'hopper-plates I and reinforcing-plates s, se-

cured thereto. The upper link s of a togglejoint is rigidly fixed to each end of the transverse rock-shaft S and is pivoted at its lower end to the lower link s2 of the toggle-joint, which in turn is pivoted at its lower end to a link si, pivoted to the adjacent end of the is provided at each end with a dog t, adapted to engage with a shoulder t on the upper links of the dooroperating toggles. Each hot' the shafts S and T is provided with ends fashioned to receive an operating-crank or When the the like for turning the shafts. dogs t are in the position shown in Fig. 3, the toggle-joints are locked, so that the door cannot open. When it is desired to open the door, the dogs are swung away from the shoulders on the'toggle-links by turning the shaft T. Then by turning the shaft S the togglejoints are broken upwardly, which permits the links s3, connecting the lower end of the toggle-joints with the door, and thevlong' links s" to swing upwardly, thus permitting the door to swing open. To close thedoor, the shaft S is rocked in the opposite direction and the door is held closed by turning the shaft T, so' that the dogs t thereof engage the shoulders on the upper ends of the togglejoints. Uy represents stops secured to the side hopper-plates beneath the long links s4 and on which the latter rest when the door is closed. These stops prevent the door from being slightly opened by the weight of' the material :in the event of the joints of the operating-links being loose.

The side structure built upas herein described combines the advantages both of a plate-girder and a truss, in which the load supported by the structure as a whole is di- IIS vided substantially equally between the plate- The upper and lower chords of the truss and the upper and lower angles of the plate-girder, respectively, being riveted together through the web of the girder by the same rivets reduces the necessary number of rivets and places a double shear on the same, thus pro'- ducing equal strength to resist the shearing strains with fewer rivets. The longitudinal plate-girders forming the sides being connected directly to the transverse plate-girders forming the bolsters and the latter being secured directly to the inclined bottoms of the car, a square box-like structure is formed which is of great strength and rigidity. The rivets connecting the bolsters with the webs of the side plate-girders take practically all of the shear of the load, and the described construction of the bolsters and their connection with the side plate-girders affords ample riveting area for the large nuuiber of rivets required.

I claim as my invention- 1. In acar, aside-supportingstructure composed of a plate-girder having a compressionilange,and a truss having a compression-chord independent of said com pression-flange of the plate-girder, substantially as set forth.

2. In a car, a side-supporting structure composed of a plate girder having a tensionange, and a truss having a tension-chord independent of saidtension-flange of the plategirder, substantially as set forth.

3. In a car, a side-supporting structure cornposed of a plate-girder having tension and compression ilanges,andatruss havingchords independent of the flanges of said plate-girder, substantially as set forth.

4. In a car, a side composed of a plategirder having tension and compression flanges, and a truss having chords independent of the flanges of said plate-girder, substantially as set forth. Y

5. In acar, aside-supporting structure composed of a plate-girder having tension and compression flanges, and a truss having a chord independent of the flanges of said plategirder, said truss-chord having inclined portions, substantially as set forth.

6. In a car, a side-supporting structure composed of a plate-girder having tension and compression anges,and a truss havingchords independent of the flanges of said plategirder, the upper chord of said truss having inclined portions, substantially as set forth.

7. In a. car, a side-su pportin g structure composed of a plate-girder, the flanges of which project to one side of the web, and a truss which is complete in its formation independently of said plate-girder and is arranged between the flanges of said girder, substantially as set forth. v

8. In a car,a side-supporting structure composed of a plate-girder having outwardly-projecting flanges, and a truss which is complete in its formation independently of said plategirder and is arranged on the outer side of said plate-girder between the flanges thereof, substantially as set forth. y

9. In a car, a side composed of a plategirder having upper and lower flanges projecting to one side of its web, and a truss' which is complete in its formation independently of said plate-girder and is arranged beween the flanges thereof, substantially asset girder having tension f and compression flanges, and a truss having chords independent of the flanges of said plate-girder and which is arranged on one side of and riveted to said plate-girder, substantially as set forth.

1l. In a car, a side in the form of a plategirder composed of a web and flanged bars, and a truss which is completo in its formation independently of said plate-girdcr, the chords of said truss being arranged opposite to said flanged bars of the plate-girder and riveted thereto, substantially as set forth.

12. In a car, a" side in the form of a plategirder composed of a web and flanged bars, the horizontal flanges of which project outwardly, and a truss which is complete in its formation independently of said plate-grder and which is arranged on the'outer side of said plate-girder web, the chords of said truss being arranged opposite and. riveted to the flanged bars of said plate-girder, substantially as set forth.

13. In a car, a side composed of a plategirder formed of a web and top and bottom flanged bars, and a truss which is complete in its formation independently of said plategirder, one chord of said truss extending throughout its length parallel with one flanged bar of said plate-girder and secured thereto, and another chord of which is parallel with the other flanged bar of said plate-girder at its central portion and is secured thereto, substantially as set forth.

14. In a. car, a side composed of a plategirder formed of a web and upper and lower angle-bars, the vertical flanges of which are riveted to the inner side of said web and the horizontal flanges of which extend outwardly, and a truss which is complete in its formation independently of said plate-girder and is arranged on the opposite side of said web, the chords of said truss being riveted to said angle-bars of said plate-girder, substantially as set forth.

15. In a hopper-bottom car, the combination of continuous draft-beams extending through the bottom, alongitudinal draft-plate arranged above-'and secured to said draftbeams and provided with an e'nd body portion having an extended bearing on and secured to the hopper-bottom, substantially as set forth.

16. In a hopper-bottom car,the combination of continuous draft-beams extending through the hopper-bottom, a longitudinal draft-plate arranged above and secured to the tops of 10. In a car, a side composed of a plate- TIO said beams intermediate of its'ends, and its end body portions having extended bearings on and secured to the opposite inclined portions of said hopper-bottom, substantially as set forth.

17. In ahopper-bottom car, the combination of continuous draft-beams extending through the bottom, a longitudinally-arranged plate secured to the tops of said draft-beams intermediate of its ends and havin gits end portions extending through openings inthe opposite inclined portions of the hopper-bottom and secured to the under side of the latter, sub` stantially as set forth.

18. In a hopper-bottom car, the combination of continuousdraft-beams extending through thehopper-bottom, a longitudinal flat'draftplate arranged above and secured to the tops of said beams intermediate of its ends, and its` `end body portions having extended bearings on and secured to the opposite inclined portions of said hopper-bottom, substantially as set forth. f

19. In acar,the combination with side members and draft-beams, of an end sill composed of a Z-bar having its web arranged horizontally and riveted at its ends to said side members, a vertical plate riveted to one flange of said Z-bar and an angle-bar secured to said vertical plate,and extending beneath the ends of said draft-beams and riveted to the flan ges of the latter, substantially as set forth.

20. 'In a car,the combination with side members each composed of a complete truss and a complete plate-girder, an end sill, the ends ofwhich are arranged in front of said side plategirders and are riveted to said trusses, substantiallyas set forth.

2l. In acar, the combination with side members each composed of a plate-girder, and a truss which projects beyond the end of the plate-girder, an end sill the ends of which are arranged in front of said girders and are carried by the portions of said trusses which project beyond said plate-girders, substantially as set forth.

2 2. In a car, the combination with side members each composed of a plate-girder, and a truss the end of gvhich projects beyond the end of the plate-girder, and an end sill the ends of which inclose and are supported by the portions of said trusses which project beyond the (fands) of said plate-girders, substantially as set ort 2,3. The combination of a draft-beam, and an abutment for adraft-rigg'ing composed of two oppositelyarran,,ed Z members having vertical flanges riveted to said draft-beam, and vertical flanges extending in oppositedirections` and overlapping each other, substantally as set forth.

24. The combination with a hinged door, of

.an operating rock-shaft,a toggle-joint at each end of said door one link of which is fixed to said rock-shaft, a link connecting the other link of each toggle to said door, and a second link pivoted to a fixed part and to the second link of each toggle, substantially as set forth. 25. The combination With ahinged door, of an operating rock-shaft, a toggle-joint at each end of said door one link of which is fixed to saidrock-shaft, a link connecting the other link of each toggle to said door, a second link pivoted to a xed part and to the second link ofeach toggle, and stops for said last-mentioned links, substantially as set forth. y

. Witness my hand this 10th day of March, 1902.

HERBERT R. KEITHLEY. Vitnesses:

CHAs. yW. PARKER, JNO. J. -BONNER. 

